The book “On Prose Poetry of the Jahili Period” written by the great writer Taha Hussein is considered one of the most influential and controversial works in the history of Arab literary criticism. It was first published in 1926, opening up a new era in the study of poetic traditions using modern rational methods. Dr. Taha Hussein approaches the poetry of the Jahili period from a philosophical perspective, employing Cartesian methods of skepticism, as well as scientific, historical, and linguistic analysis to examine the texts and their sources. He not only questions the validity of claims made about the poets of the Jahili period, but also re-evaluates the relationship between literature, history, society, and religion. This is truly a groundbreaking book that should not be regarded merely as a literary study, but as a milestone in the development of modern Arab thought.